Abstract: Glaucoma is a degenerative optic neuropathy characterized by irreversible loss of vision as the result of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) loss. Stem cells, characterized as totipotency and self\|renewal, have shown the potential in the treatment of degenerative diseases of the retina, and are supposed to be an effective method to restore the visual function in glaucoma patients. Stem cells are classified into embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells according to their sources. Delivery of stem cells for glaucoma treatment include intracameral, intravitreous, subretinal and suprachoroid injection. The main purpose of stem cell therapy for glaucoma include repairing damaged trabecular meshwork to reduce intraocular pressure and replacing/repairing damaged RGCs. At present, the main obstacles in stem cell transplantation in the treatment of glaucoma include operation safety, tumorigenicity, immune rejection. Transplantation of the extraction of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes and extracellular vesicles may be one of the safe and effective treatment approaches in stem cell therapy.